William Wright and Caroline Masters

Photo © David Martin (cc-by-sa/2.0)

All Saints' Church, Weston, Wednesday, 23 October, 2024

Photo available for reuse under this Creative Commons licence.

William Wright (bap. 9 Jul 1826 in Elford, Staffordshire), School Master, Bachelor, of the parish of Northfield, in the County of Worcestershire, son of Samuel Wright and Ann Bosworth, married Caroline Masters (b. 1837 in Southwark), Spinster, daughter of George Sparrow Masters and Mary Pope, after Banns, at All Saints' Church, Weston, Bath on 26 May 1861.

The couple had six children, of whom three survived:

1. William Henry Wright b. 1862 M Quarter in KINGS NORTON Volume 06C Page 430, bap. 1 Sep 1862 in North Harborne, Stafford, England. Mother's maiden name is not listed on GRO birth registration. On the baptism transcript, the father isn't listed, but mother is Caroline.
2. Ernest William Wright b. 14 Mar 1863 (1863 J Quarter in KINGS NORTON Volume 06C Page 455), bap. 3 May 1863 at St Mary's Church, Selly Oak. Died on 3 Jul 1863 and was buried on 7 Jul 1863, also at St Mary's Church, Selly Oak. The notice in the Birmingham Journal of 11 Jul 1863, reads: "On the 3rd inst., at Selly Oak, aged 4 months, Ernest William, son of Mr W. Wright, Schoolmaster."
3. Herbert George Wright b. 15 Mar 1864 (1864 J Quarter in KINGS NORTON Volume 06C Page 439), bap. 17 Jun 1864 at St Mary's Church, Selly Oak, again, son of William and Caroline Wright.
4. Alice Mary Wright b. 12 Jul 1865 (1865 S Quarter in KING'S NORTON Volume 06C Page 408), bap. 3 Sep 1865 at St Mary's Church, Selly Oak.
5. William Alfred Wright b. 9 Sep 1866 (1866 D Qtr in KINGS NORTON Vol 06C Page 445), bap. 4 Nov 1866 at St Mary's Church, Selly Oak.
6. Maria Ellen Wright b. 16 Nov 1867 (1867 D Quarter in KINGS NORTON Volume 06C Page 424), bap. 2 Feb 1868 at St Mary's Church, Selly Oak.

The mother's maiden name on the 2nd to 6th births is MASTERS.

William Wright died, aged 41, on 11 Nov 1867 (1867 D Quarter in KINGS NORTON Volume 06C Page 236), at St Mary's Schoolhouse, Selly Oak. One notice read, "On the 10th inst. (sic), very suddenly, Mr. Wm. Wright, of St Mary's Schools, Selly Oak." (St Mary's CofE Primary School, Selly Oak.) 

An inquest was held on 13 Nov 1867 and the opinion of Ralph Docker, Coroner for Worcestershire (a solicitor, not a doctor), was that Wright had died from Natural Causes 'Syncopal Asphyxia'. That term doesn't really exist medically: it's a portmanteau of syncope (fainting) and asphyxia (shortage of breath). Perhaps he had an underlying condition (heart problem maybe) that he wasn't even aware of and he simply did just 'drop down dead'.

Sixth child, Maria, was born posthumously, five days after her father's death.

The baptisms of Ernest William, Herbert George, Alice Mary and William Alfred list William Wright's occupation as Parochial Schoolmaster. On that for Maria Ellen, she is clearly listed as the daughter of William (deceased) and Caroline and the word 'late' has been inserted above her father's calling.

In 1871, Caroline Wright (34) Widow, Mantle Maker, was lodging at 301 Breck Road, Everton, West Derby, Lancashire, with Alce Mary Wright (5), William Alfred Wright (4), Maria Ellen Wright (3) and Mary Matthews (sic) [Mary Masters] (68) Widow, Annuitant (Caroline's mother). 

From 9 Aug 1875 until 8 Aug 1877, Maria Helen Wright (sic) was a pupil at Princess Mary Village Homes (former children's home for little girls), in Addlestone, Surrey. It seems an odd choice, given that these homes were set up, principally, for children whose parents had committed a crime.

In 1881, Caroline Wright (43) Widow, from Southwark, Surrey, Occupation Matron, was an Inmate of 7 & 8 House of Rest, 7, Cambridge Gardens, Willesden, Middlesex. My guess is this was one of The Houses of Rest for Christian Workers. [Haven't yet been able to locate the children.]

In 1891, Caroline Wright (52) from London, Living on her own means, Alice M Wright (25), William A Wright (24) Student of CofE Lay Worker; and Helen M Wright (23) [Maria Helen], birthplaces listed as Selly Oak, Worcestershire, were living at 66, Cornwall Road, Bexhill, Battle, Sussex.

In 1901, Caroline Wright (63) Widow, from Southwark, Surrey and Alice M Wright (35) from Selly Oak, Worcestershire, were living in Barrack Road, Bexhill, Battle, Sussex. Neither of them has an occupation listed. 

In 1911, Caroline Wright (73) Widow from Southwark, London and Alice Mary Wright (45) from Birmingham, Worcestershire, both of Private Means, were living at 13 Rutland Road, Hove, Sussex. On this census schedule, Caroline has listed that she had six children, of whom three had died and three were then still living. It seems obvious that for a son to be named William in 1866, his elder brother born 1862 must have died in infancy, but I have found no record of his death. Likewise, I have found no record of the death of the third child, Herbert George, either, but neither have I been able to find any sign of him alive, so I have to assume he also died as an infant.

Caroline Wright died, at 78, in 1916 J Qtr in STEYNING Vol 02B Page 388.

• In 1921, Alice Wright (55) from Selly Oak, Worcestershire, of no occupation, was living alone at 95, Trafalgar Road, Portslade by Sea, Sussex. Maria Helen Wright (53) from Selly Oak, Birmingham, was Housekeeper to Annette Jeckell (72) Widow at Milton House, Hollier's Hill, Bexhill, Sussex. Alice Mary Wright died, at 73, in 1939 M Quarter in HOVE Volume 02B Page 481. So far, I've found no further records for William Alfred or Maria Ellen.

William Stone and Temperance Hitchcock

Holcombe Rogus Scenery
cc-by-sa/2.0 - © Lewis Clarke - geograph.org.uk/p/2812924

William Stone married Temperance Hitchcock in Holcombe Rogus on 25 May 1728. Temperance bap. 30 Jan 1706 in Holcombe Rogus, was the base born (illegitimate) daughter of Jane Hitchcock. (Jane Hitchcock bap. 12 Oct 1679, daughter of John Hitchcock, was buried in Holcombe Rogus, in 1709.)

Will and Temperance had seven children, baptised in Holcombe Rogus:

1. William Stone bap. 16 Feb 1729 (Buried in Holcombe Rogus in 1730)
2. Agnes Stone bap. 24 Jul 1732
3. Mary Stone bap. 27 Dec 1739
4. Jane Stone bap. 24 Sep 1742 (Buried in Holcombe Rogus in 1743)
5. Jane Stone bap. 3 Jul 1744
6. William Stone bap. 15 Nov 1749 (Buried in Holcombe Rogus in 1749)
7. Joan Stone bap. 9 Sep 1751 (Buried in Holcombe Rogus in 1774)

William Stone (b. 1703) was buried in Holcombe Rogus in 1789. Temperance Stone died the following year and was also buried in Holcombe Rogus. 

Thomas Drake and Frances Poad

Ancient Dockyard
cc-by-sa/2.0 - © jeff collins - geograph.org.uk/p/1204244
This was the first Dockyard built at Devonport at a point just west of Mutton Cove.

Thomas Drake, Shipwright, married Frances Poad (bap. 15 Jul 1764), daughter of John Poad and Honor Joll, in Stoke Damerel on 25 May 1784. There's a record which appears to be John Poad giving his permission for his daughter to marry, presumably as she was then still a minor (under 21). 

Thomas and Frances Drake appear to have had 11 children:

1. Thomas Drake bap. 2 Jan 1785
2. Frances Drake bap. 14 Oct 1787
3. George Drake bap. 7 Apr 1790
4. Elizabeth Drake bap. 29 Jan 1792
5. John Poad Drake bap. 20 Jul 1794 [1]
6. Francis William Drake bap. 6 Mar 1796
7. James Drake bap. 10 Dec 1797. (Buried at 2 y 8 m on 19 Jul 1800.)
8. Hannah Drake b. 1799, bap. 3 Feb 1800 *
9. James Drake bap. 28 Dec 1801 *
10. Charles Drake b. 10 Oct 1802, bap. 15 Dec 1812
11. Mary Drake b. 20 Apr 1810, bap. 15 Dec 1812

* All were all baptised in Stoke Damerel, however, the venue for the baptisms of Hannah and James in 1800 and 1801 was listed as Princes Street Independent, presumably the Princes Street Congregational Chapel.

"Thomas Drake was for some time an official in the navy yard at Plymouth, and showed great independence of character, injuring his prospects by refusing to connive at malpractices, and consequently dying in obscurity in Jersey 20 May 1835." [Source] This explains why, in 1841, we find Frances Drake (75) Ind [presumably of Independent Means], living at 31 Hill Street, St Helier, Jersey, with youngest daughter, Mary Drake (30) Tailoress and two of Mary's illegitimate children: Edward Drake (9) and Mary Mary (5). 

Frances Drake is said to have died in 1848, presumably in Jersey.

[1] John Poad Drake (1794–1883) [he inserted the Poad], inventor and artist [this confirms], baptised 20 July 1794 at Stoke Damerel, Devonshire, was the son of Thomas Drake, by his wife, Frances Poad. Both the Wikipedia entry for John Poad Drake, as well as that for him at the Royal Museums Greenwich, claim that John Poad Drake was a descendant of Sir Francis Drake. 

The entry in the Dictionary of National Biography, however, calls that into question, saying that "Thomas Drake was fourth in descent from one John Drake (1564–1640), a farmer, who has been wrongly identified with a cousin of the admiral." This is the burial of that John Drake, who may or may not have been a page to Sir Francis (I'm reading that those duties were probably carried out by the cousin he was confused with). But as there always are with famous people though, there are so many hopeful, but plain wrong records cited, it's now impossible to completely separate the facts from the fiction.

What I can categorically say is that this isn't the Thomas Drake, bap. 1751, cited on one website, when it was even clearly stated on the baptism that the child had died within days. Still, when you're wishfully attempting to claim descent from the infamous Sir Francis, why allow such minor inconvenience (or pesky genealogical standards) get in the way? So what, if any, link is there between this Drake family and the famous Devon-born slaver, pirate / privateer, bowls player and trouncer of the Armada? Still absolutely no idea, but I can't disprove one [yet] either. What I did discover is that Drake is a surprisingly common name around Devon. Reckon he had a bike!

John Byatt and Elizabeth Leaper

St. Mary's Church and churchyard, Churchgate, EN8
cc-by-sa/2.0 - © Mike Quinn - geograph.org.uk/p/4220309

John Byatt (bap. 3 Oct 1819 in Little Canfield, Essex) son of John Byatt and Jane Stokes, married Elizabeth Leaper (b. 10 Sep 1825, bap. 9 Oct 1825 in Aldenham, Hertfordshire) daughter of John Leaper and Mary Hayes at St. Mary's Church, Cheshunt, Hertfordshire on 25 May 1845.

John and Elizabeth had ten children:

1. John Edward Byatt b. 23 Mar 1846 J Quarter in EDMONTON Volume 03 Page 141, bap. 12 Apr 1846 in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire
2. George Byatt b. 3 Jan 1848 M Quarter in EDMONTON Volume 03 Page 132, bap. 13 Feb 1848 in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire
3. William Byatt b. 20 Jan 1850 M Qtr in EDMONTON Vol 03 Page 144
4. Charles Byart b. 1 Aug 1852 S Qtr in SHOREDITCH Vol 01C Page 149
5. Elizabeth Byart b. 1854 D Quarter in SHOREDITCH Vol 01C Page 125
6. Jane Byart b. 3 Nov 1856 D Quarter in SHOREDITCH Vol 01C Page 140
7. Emma Byart b. 1859 S Quarter in WHITECHAPEL Vol 01C Page 338
8. Thomas Byart b. 1861 J Quarter in ISLINGTON Vol 01B Page 290
9. Louisa Byart b. 1863 D Quarter in BETHNAL GREEN Vol 01C Page 323
10. Ellen Byart b. 1866 J Quarter in BETHNAL GREEN Vol 01C Page 329

The first three children were registered correctly under the surname Byatt, then thereafter they changed the spelling to Byart. Their mother's maiden name is consistently LEAPER (misspelled on William's as LEARPER). 

In 1861, John Byart (42) Carman from Dunmow, Essex, was in City Gardens, Islington with Elizabeth Byart (36) from Watford, Hertfordshire; John E Byart (15) Lucifer Match Maker (the production of Lucifer matches later caused the Bryant & May Match Workers Strike); George Byart (13), William Byart (11), Charles Byart (9), Elizabeth Byart (6), Jane Byart (4) & Emma Byart (2).

In 1871, John Byart (51) Carman was living in Mile End Old Town with Elizabeth Byart (48), John Byart (25) Engine Driver; Charles Byart (19) Horse Keeper; Thomas Byart (17) Scholar; Elizabeth Byart (16), Jane Byart (14), Louisa Byart (8) and Helen (sic) Byart (4).

In 1881, at 16, Alma Road, Mile End Old Town, London misspelled again as John Byard (sic) (63) Carman from Essex; Elizabeth (58) from Hertfordshire; Jane (24), Thomas (20), Julia [Louisa] (18), Ellen (15), John (35) and Jane (39) (John [Edward] Byart had married Jane Dove, in Poplar, in 1876.)

In 1891, John Byart (72) birthplace wrongly listed as Brentwood, Essex, was living in the household of Josiah Ayris (32) Carman in St Ann's Road, Mile End Old Town. Josiah was his son-in-law, second husband of daughter Emma. This took some deciphering, because John Byart's wife is inexplicably listed as Sarah and Emma was listed as Ann. Were they or the enumerator drunk? 

John Byatt died at 72 in 1892 J Quarter in MILE END OLD TOWN Volume 01C Page 344 and Elizabeth Byart died at 73, in 1898 D Quarter in MILE END OLD TOWN Volume 01C Page 306.

Joseph Kritzer and Sarah Sophia Tompson

St Wilfrid's, Chelsea

Joseph Kritzer (b. 30 Oct 1877 in Donaueschingen, Germany), son of Wilhelm Kritzer and Flora Gleichauf, married Sarah Sophia Tompson (b. 9 Oct 1876 in Mile End Old Town, Stepney), eldest surviving daughter of Dan Tompson and Sarah Jane Baker, on 24 May 1905 in Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire.

The couple had two children:

1. William Karl Tompson b. 1903 aboard the SS Kaiser Wilhelm II at Lat 40.45N/Long 56.52W, bap. 9 Dec 1903, at St Matthew, Stepney.
2. Mary Amalie Kritzer b. 21 Feb 1906. (No baptism found.)

Their daughter, Mary Amalie Kritzer was born on 21 Feb 1906, but she was not the couple's first child. On the census for the household of Sarah's parents, Dan and Sarah Jane Tompson, in 1911, there had appeared a 'mystery' grandchild listed as William Charles Kritzer (7) (although his surname was originally mis-transcribed at Findmypast as Roizen, which added to the confusion in tracking him down), who it says, was born in 1904 'At Sea'. The boy was born, actually in 1903, aboard the SS Kaiser Wilhelm II at Lat 40.45N/Long 56.52W, off the coast of North America. (Launched at Stettin, Germany (now Szczecin, Poland), on 12 Aug 1902, the SS Kaiser Wilhelm II made regular trips between Germany and New York City.)

Baptised, William Karl Tompson, on 9 Dec 1903, at the church of St Matthew, Stepney, on the baptism record, his mother is listed just as Daisy (as she appears to have called herself), with their abode listed as 3 Monteagle Street, Stepney - the same address given by her half-sister (my great-grandmother), Eliza Louisa, at the time of her marriage some 10 years earlier. There are lots of crossings out on the original baptism record, as it would appear that Sarah / Daisy had initially tried to baptise the child with the surname Kritzer, listing his father's forename as William and occupation as Valet. The church officials must have figured out the real situation and hence this information was redacted/corrected. (Birth and baptism information was provided to me by Christine Miller of the wonderfully named, GIN AND GENEALOGY.)

In 1911, Joseph Kritzer (33), was butler to architect, Henry Louis Florence at 9 Prince's Gate, Knightsbridge, London. In that household also was a Rosina Christie, employed as a housemaid. She was listed as single, but her year of birth agrees with that of Sarah Sophia - 1876 - born in Whitechapel. (Sarah Sophia's birth was registered in Mile End Old Town, which is next door, both in Stepney; later, Sarah Sophia is referred to as Mrs J Christie in her father's obituary, and both of Joseph and Sarah's children later use Christie as an Anglicized version of Kritzer.) Therefore, I'm convinced that this is Sarah using this assumed name to hide the fact that she was married to Joseph, which was more than likely verboten for servants then. Sarah Sophia / Daisy Tompson / Kritzer / Christie isn't anywhere else in 1911. Mary Amalia Kritzer (5) was an 'Inmate' at St Wilfrid's Convent School in Cale Street, Chelsea.

On 18 Oct 1912, Willie Thompson (8), sailed to Montreal from Liverpool aboard SS Corsican with his grandmother, Sarah Jane, and his aunt Ivy.

In 1915, Joseph Kritzer (37), was interned at Knockaloe Internment Camp Isle of Man as part of the mass internment of registered Enemy Alien men aged between 17 and 55 following the sinking of the Lusitania in May 1915. Joseph’s Prisoner of War Information Bureau (POWIB) Index Card (available from the ICRC website), shows that he was interned on 31 Jul 1915. We still don't know when he was released or what happened to him later, although, all the pointers are towards him being repatriated to Germany. "Former enemy aliens were to be deported, unless granted a licence to remain", however, hiding their marriage, in 1911 (albeit likely necessary for their employment), could have created the predicament that Joseph and Sarah will not have been able to demonstrate that they had lived together in a genuine relationship prior to the war, the result of which may have prevented Joseph from obtaining such permission to return to the UK upon his release.

As she had married a German, Sarah Sophia had become German and would also have been subject to the restrictions of the Aliens Restriction Act 1914: As the law was at this time, British-born women who had married foreign nationals (who had not naturalised) - unlike his brother Karl, Joseph did not become naturalised British - acquired their husband’s nationality. Many British born women therefore found themselves to be enemy aliens during the war. Except in a very few cases women were not interned. [Source]

In 1921, Joseph Kritzer was not listed in England. Nor was Sarah Sophia, but Daisy Christie (39) Servant, Laundress, born in Stepney, London was at the Royal School For Deaf and Dumb Children, Margate, Kent, who I'm sure was her. On the 1921 Census of Canada, Willie Christie (18) was living at 131 Morrison Avenue, Toronto, still with his grandparents. (At Ancestry, there's a note saying he should be Critzer, which is obviously not quite true, but the spelling they later adopted). [Mary Amalie] Molly Kritzer (15), was an Inmate at St Edwards Residential College, Totteridge, Middlesex (St Edward's School for Roman Catholic Girls), along with her cousin, Flora Kritzer (15).

On immigration documents (to Canada) for her sister Mabel Grace in 1922, Sarah Sophia was listed as 'Daisy Christie of Trosley Towers, Withham, Kent'. This was the country home of Sir Philip Hickson Waterlow, Mabel's former employer, so presumably Daisy [Sarah] was then employed there.

In 1939 'Daisy' S S Kritzer, Housekeeper, still listed as married, was living at 1 Pemry Villas, Elm Grove Road, Cobham, Surrey with her widowed sister, Mabel Grace Stedman; Mabel's daughter, Laura May Martin, and Gerald O Weston, a mechanic and lorry driver, who may have been a lodger. 

Sarah Sophia Kritzer, of 2 Ashford Cottages, Tilt Road, Cobham, Surrey, wife of Joseph Kritzer, died, aged 68, on 20 Feb 1945 (1945 M Quarter in SURREY NORTH-EASTERN Volume 02A; Page 86). She left £595 13s (worth £25,849 in 2020) to her daughter, Mary Amelia Melhuish. 

Other than those last records in 1939 and 1945 relating to Sarah - where she's described as married and as his wife - thereby alluding to Joseph Kritzer still being alive, there's no further sign of him in Britain, once again supporting the theory that Joseph was probably returned (deported) back to Germany.

There are still so many questions that need to be answered.

• Internment in the United Kingdom during the First World War
• Forgotten: Britain’s civilian mass prison camps from World War I
• Knockaloe Centre for WW1 Internment, Isle of Man
• Enemy aliens in Great Britain 1914-1919